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Cleveland, a suburb of Redland City, is located on the western shores of Moreton Bay approximately east-south-east of Brisbane, the capital of the Australian state of Queensland. It comprises commercial, residential and industrial areas and is the location of Redland City's Council Chambers, offices and various cultural facilities. As at the 2011 Census, Cleveland was estimated to be home to 14,414 people, with the majority of these of working age. == History == There are conflicting reports as to the naming of Cleveland; it was either named in 1770 by Captain James Cook in honour of John Clevland, the Secretary of the Admiralty around the time,〔''The Age''. (Cleveland ). 8 February 2004,〕 or by surveyors in the 1840s, in honour of William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland.〔Redland Shire Council, (Cleveland ). 2006.〕 European settlement of Brisbane and surrounding areas was banned from 1824 until 1842, due to the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement, but the area to become Cleveland was first surveyed in 1840, and in 1841, was recommended for a maritime or seaport township. In 1847 a navigation beacon was established at Cleveland Point.〔The Cleveland Point Lighthouse, Lighthouses of Queensland, http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/QLD/Cleveland%20Point/Cleveland%20Point.htm, Retrieved 26 February 2014〕 In 1847, the Government planned for the new town, and on 13 December 1850, Cleveland was proclaimed a township.〔Redland Shire Council, "Latitude 27 - Longitude 153", Boookman Publishers, 2001.〕 The first land sales of the new township took place a year later, with early purchases primarily around Cleveland Point, at the time an early candidate for a major port to replace Brisbane. Brisbane was troubled by sand bars across the mouth of the Brisbane River, and Cleveland Point was closer to the southern passage (the entrance to Moreton Bay between North Stradbroke Island and Moreton Island). However, when Governor Sir George Gipps visited Cleveland in 1842, it is reported that upon disembarking his boat, he immediately sank into the mudflats up to his waist. He was so annoyed by this that he changed his mind and suggested Ipswich.〔〔Australian Heritage, Search for Cleveland: http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=QLD®ion=23&view=1095, Retrieved 25 February 2014〕 A series of wreckings in the southern passage led to ships using the longer but safer northern entrance between Bribie and Moreton islands. This, and an unfortunate fire at the Cleveland jetty, removed any hopes for Cleveland. In 1852, the first large buildings were built in Cleveland; what is now the Grand View Hotel, and the Old Courthouse, at the time a workers cottage. Farms sprang up; a brickworks was built at the point, and a wool store to handle shipping. The first mail service to Cleveland began in 1861, with the first school established at the same time. The wool store, unused because of Cleveland's failure as a port, was converted into a sawmill, which supplied timber to a shipyard built at the Point. The population at this time was only 270.〔 Tourism blossomed with the arrival of the first regular steamer service to Cleveland in 1864. The Cleveland Point Light was also constructed in 1864, and was only replaced in 1969.〔 From this time, the most popular crop was sugar cane, until it was replaced by the popularity of fruits such as passion fruit and strawberries. A rail line connecting Brisbane to Cleveland was completed in 1889, and with it tourism, residential subdivisions and farming further grew in the area.〔 The area now known as G.J. Walter Park was originally proclaimed a reserve by the Government on 13 March 1889.〔Queensland Government Gazzette, Volume 46 Published 23 March 1889, Page 1079: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:246872/Queensland_Gov_Gazette_1889_v46/Queensland_Gov_Gazette_1889_v46-1103.jpg?bookpage=true, Retrieved 26 February 2014〕 This area was used mainly by residents and day trippers for swimming, picnicking and general park use.〔"Cleveland Parks", Redland City Council, http://www.redland.qld.gov.au/AboutRedlands/History/OurSuburbs/Pages/Cleveland-parks.aspx, Retrieved 17 February 2014〕 This area is included on the Redland City Council's Register of Heritage Places classified as being of local significance.〔Redlands Planning Scheme - Version 6, Part 9, Schedule 4-Heritage Places Register: http://www.redland.qld.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/_Planning_Building/RPS/V4_documents/09.04.pdf, Retrieved on 18 February 2014〕 The rail line continued further than it does today, terminating at Cleveland Point - the existing Cleveland station was constructed later, for passenger use. The Redlands attracted farming families and became a district known for producing top quality fruits and vegetables with crops of strawberries, tomatoes, pineapples, custard apples, citrus fruits, bananas, herbs and vegetables grown very successfully. By the outbreak of World War I, the population in Cleveland had hit 540. However, in 1960, lack of demand ended the rail service to Cleveland, and it was only restored twenty years later, by which time the population of Cleveland was over 5000. The completion of the Leslie Harrison Dam allowed town water to be connected to the shire, with the majority of the town being serviced by 1970. Construction of the Raby Bay canal estate broke ground in 1983,〔http://www.redland.qld.gov.au/AboutRedlands/History/OurSuburbs/Pages/Cleveland-timetable.aspx〕 and by 1992, the population of Cleveland was nearing 10,000.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cleveland, Queensland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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